Hydrocarbon-burner.



No. 766,358. PATENTBD AUG. 2, 1904. W. R. JEAVONS.'

HYDROGARBON BURNER.

NO MODEL.

ATTEST .F" :Nv Erw-rma'l i WMZ... RM

:ew Wzm ATT Patented August 2, .1 904.

WILLIAM R.. JEAVONS, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO.

HYDROCARBON-BURNER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 766,358, dated August 2, 1904.

Application tiled March 8, 1898. Serial No. 673.045. lNo model.)

Be it known that I, lVILLIau R. JnAvoNs, a citizen of the United States, residing at Cleveland, in the county of Cuyahoga and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Hydroearbon-Burners; and l do declare that the followingI is a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, which will, enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention has reference to hydrocarbonburners of the variety in which perforated combustion-tu bes are used in connection with a vaporizing-trough- As is well known in this art, in the continued vaporization of heavy hydrocarbon oils, such as kerosene, a residuum of unvaporizable carbon accumulates which seriously detracts from the eiticiency of the burner. Also in this class of burners, wherein the lighting device is without oil when the burner is not in operation, it is desirable that the oil for initial starting arrive at the point of Vignition at the earliest possible moment, so as to facilitate the lighting of the burner. Again, when oil is fed through an inclined pipe it has a tendency to surge and feed unsteadily, causing' a pulsating and unsteady flame, which is very objectionable.

The object of my invention is to provide a burner that will distribute its generated vapor in a desirable manner and of such arrangement and construction that its parts are accessible for inspection and cleaning; also, that the oil for initial starting will arrive at the point of ignition at the earliest possible moment and be steadily and continuously fed to the burner after it is in operation.

The arrangement and construction of the parts for the accomplishment of the above, as well as other objects, are all hereinafter fully described, and particularly pointed out in the claims.

Figure 1 is a side elevation of burner with a portion in cro; -section, showing' feed pipe in position with wire in feed-pipe. Fig. Q is a perspective view of oil and vapor trough. Fig. 3 is a detail section of lighting-ring. Figs. 4, 5, and 6 are modifications of the trough and combustion-tubes.

The trough A constructed with the oilchannel having a grad ually-decreasing width somewhat like a U or a blunt V, as shown, and from the top of this channel are lateral portions, which form seats or rests for the tubes B and C. rl`hese lateral portions or seats terminate with vertical extensions or flanges which secure the said tubes against lateral displacement. Also as the lower portions of the perforated tubes become heated more quickly than any other part of the burner these vertical extensions or iianges of the trough ,by their proximity to these tubes become heated quickly, and the early heating' of these parts contributes to the quickness of the initial heating of the trough and -tends to prevent the seepage or crawling of the oil from the oil-channel to the outside of the burner.

The inner vertical extension of the trough A is higher than the outer one, as shown, and in case of a too rapid feed of oil to the burner the oil will overflow at the outer rather than the inner edge of the trough, and smoky fiame resulting from any such overliow cannot foul the interior of the burner, which is not very accessible for cleaning', but will occur on the outer edge, where any sooty deposit can be readily removed.

The perforated walls or tubes B and C are secured in relation to each other in any suitable manner and are surrounded by a casing or drum E. ln this instance tie-rods n a pass at right angles through the two tubes B and C and casing' E to secure them firmly together; but other means might be used for this purpose. Both of the tubes are perforated and form a co1nbustion-chamber between them, the series of air-inlet openings being arranged at successive elevations, the lowest perforations, however, in either tube being spaced up some distance from its bottom edge, as shown, thus leaving' an imperforate portion or zone next adjacent the bottom edge o f each, the object of this being to provide an unventilated area in the bottom of the combustion-chamber in which the vapor may travel and distribute itself evenly around the burner. The lower portion of the inner perforated tube B is flanged or turned inward at its lower end B, substantially as shown, and

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forms the vapor-chamber which is of greater width than the combustion chamber. Instead of the Vapor-chamber being formed by an extension B' ofthe vertical perforated tube B said chamber may be formed by a flared extension C' of the tube C in connection with the widened portion A2 of the trough A. This flanged portion may, however, be made ofa separate piece B2 and secured to the lower end of the tube, as shown in Fig. 5, or it may have a return-flange B3, as in Fig. 6, without departing from the spirit of the invention.

I prefer, however, to have the anged portion integral with the tube, as this more quickly and eflectually conducts the heat of the tube to the vaporizing-trough, which is desirable. The chamber formed by this flanged portion affords additional .protected space through which the vapor may travel and distribute itself and equalize the flow to all portions of the burner, and by reason ofthe flanged portion being integral with the burner-tube, or substantially so, the heat from these tubes is more quickly imparted to it than would be the case if the flanged portion were loosely tted to the tube, the result being that the metal at the outer edge of trough A, where it contacts with the flangedportion, is heated as soon or sooner than the body of the trough A, and in consequence of suchl heating of the flanged portion and edges of the trough, the oil contained in the trough is prevented from seeping or crawling through the heated joint to the outside of the chamber.

A narrow band or ring-shaped capillary initial lighting device or wick, as hereinafter further described, rests centrally in the bottom of the oil-channel and projects-upward above the oil-channel into the space between the imperforated portion of the combustionchamber walls B and C to a plane a little bef low the lowest air-inlet openings. This cap.- illary device or wick is of less thickness than the width of the oil-channel in which it rests, and when in position, as above described, it not only presents and exposes the oil for vaporization between and in close proximity to the heated chamber-walls, but it forms, with the sides of the oil-channel, deep narrow annular spaces in which the vapor may travel laterally. These spaces having `greater depth than width are especially effectual forthe distribution of vapor, inasmuch as their vapor.- carrying capacity is large relatively to the area exposed to flamecurrents or adverse drafts. It is desirable to have the top of the capillary device a little below the lowest airinlet openings to the combustion-chamber, so that the vapor evolved thereon will not be carried up by the currents of air induced by the flame through these openings, but will gravitate and distribute throughout the unventilated area provided by the arrangement of the parts, as above described. By this arrangement also the initial oil entering the channel from the pipe D speedily distributes along the small 'area presented by the shape of its lower portion and saturates the wick at all points. Also the proximity of the wick to the sides of the lower portion of the channel seems to induce a measure of capillary action which contributes to the speedy distribution of the oil laterally all around the channel.

The trough A is provided with a feed-pipe D. This pipe is shown here curved upward and outward, and at its upper end is an enlarged portion d, forming a conductor into which the oil from the supply-pipe d is discharged. The said trough A is supported in or by the cast-metal frame or basket F, in which it has a free rest, so that thereby the trough A, with the pipe D, may in a moment be removed from the stove for cleaning and be as easily restored; but the basket F is firmly fixed in place.

In the bore of the pipe D there is a wire rod G, extending through the same from end to end or from the trough A to a point outside the upper end of the said pipe. This wire serves two purposes-that is, it forms an adhering or capillary space for the oil between itself and the walls of the pipe, and thus induces a uniform and steady passage of oil into the trough, and, secondly, by having a portion of this wire project from the upper end of pipe D, as shown, it may be removed for cleaning and in itself is an instrument for loosening and cleaning the carbon deposit out of the pipe its full length. Most of the carbon deposit occurs in the trough about the oilentrance from said pipe, and a simple movement of the rod occasionally without taking the trough out of its place will keep the oil-passage free.

When the oil-supply is turned of,the burner consumes all oil in it and becomes absolutely dry. It thus occurs that when the ordinary supply for running the burner is again turned on if the device for initially heating the yburner has large capillary capacity it holds and stores the incoming oil at one point and does not permit it to pass to the other parts of the burner except as the capacity of the successive portions of the device are satisfied. Again, in using a lighting device 'of small capillary capacity to induce a quick travel of oil to all points it takes a long time for the oil to move by capillary action high enough up the device to be lightable.

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The difculties mentioned are obviated by making the device H as shown in Fig. 3. In this view t is a metal ring of proper size to set loosely in the burner-trough. A strip of thin asbestos paper /z is wrapped in this instance twice around the metal ring 7i, and this arrangement forms several lineal capillary spaces between the faces of the strips or layers iz' which extend the full depth of said ring. By slightly corrugating or transversely fluting the ring la., as shown,a greater vertical capillary capability is induced.

Asbestos paper, especially after having' been heated a few times, has very little absorbing capacity, and when oil is fed to one side of the device, as described, the lineal capillary spaces induce its distribution not only laterally, but to the top of the device, where it may be lighted in a surprisingly short space of time. The asbestos paper is anchored to the metal ring with a few small staples, which pass through holes in the said ring. rlhe asbestos without the metal affords the lineal capillary spaces. The metal, however, while giving desirable stability to the thin asbestos paper also contributes another capillary space for lateral and vertical transmission of oil without presenting any absorbing or detaining qualities.

The metal strip is formed or corrugated, so that when in place beside the asbestos strip its side area or a portion thereofl is determinately spaced from the side area of the asbestos strip, thus insuring capillary spaces of such definite width as are best suited to the needs of the device. The perforations in the metal strip admit the escape of vapor formed in the capillary spaces when the device is in heated condition. If the metal strip is not provided with perforations through which the vapor may escape laterally, such vapor will often forcibly jet out of the top of the capillary spaces and tend to produce an uneven llame.

Vhat l claim is l. In a fluid-burner. a trough for the fluid, a feed-pipe for said trough and a wire or rod in said feed-pipe having' one end projecting into the oil-entrance of the trough and the other end projecting out of said feed-pipe at a higher elevation than the said trough, whereby the rod may rest loosely in position without oil leakage or be moved longitudinally for cleaning' the oil-entrance, substantially as described.

2. A burner-trough, a curved feed-pipe to supply'oil thereto and a rod or wire in said feed-pipe extending' through to the outlet in said trough, substantially as described.

3. ln a burner, an oil and vapor trough provided with horizontally-extending seats, perforated tubes forming a combustion-chamber supported on said seats and having' imperferated portions at their bottom ends, a capillary initial lighting device arranged in stationary relation to said parts with its lower portion seated in said trough and projecting' upward in a position for forming unventilated vapor-distributing chambers above said seats between its sides and the imperforated ends of said tubes, and for exposing the sides of said lighting' device to lateral heat radiation from the lower ends of said tubes, sub-` stanti ally as described.

. 1n a burner, walls forming a combustionan oil and vapor troug'h below said wallsI and forming an air-excluding extension of said' chamber, a capillary lighting device seated in said trough in stationary relation to said parts with its top between the said imperforated portions of the chamber-walls in position to receive lateral heat radiation therefrom, substantially as described.

In a burner, perforated walls forming a combustion-cham ber and having imperforated portions or zones next adjacent to their bottom edges, a vaporizing-trough below the said combustion-chamber, a capillary device seated in said trough in stationary relation thereto with its top portion extending' upward between the imperforated portions of said chamber-walls to a plane above the side walls of said trough and below the lowest perforations in said chamber-walls, substantially as described.

6. In a burner, perforated tubes forming a combustion-chamber between them, a trough arranged below said chamber forming' an air- -excluding extension or vapor-chamber, and

constructed to have a gradually-decreasing width of its oil-channel from top to bottom, and a ring-shaped capillary initial lighting' device of less thickness than the width of the oil-channel in said oil-channel, inyposition to leave vapor-spaces of greater depth than width between its sides and the walls of said oil-channel, substantially as described.

7. In a burner` perforated tubes forming a combustion-chamber between them, a trough arranged below said tubes and adapted to vaporize oil, a ring-shaped capillary initial lighting device of less thickness than the width of said trough seated in said trough in stationary relation to said parts and apart from thesides of the trough substantially from top to bottom, whereby the vapor generated in the bottom of said trough will have space for movement between the said capillary initial lighting device and the sides of said trough, and the top of the said capillary initial lighting device extending upward to a plane within the perforated tubes and above the junction of the trough with the perforated tubes, whereby the top of said ring' will project from the trough for ignition when the perforated tubes are removed and will be exposed to the direct heat radiation from the lower ends of the said tubes during the initial heating' of the burner, substantially as described.

8. In a burner, perforated walls forming a combustion-chamber between them, each wall having' an imperforated or unventilated portion next adjacent to its bottom edge,an oil or vapor trough extending below 4the bottom edges of said wall, a capillary device of lessY TOO thickness than the width of said trough seated in said trough in stationary relation thereto with its top extending up between the imperforate portions of the walls of the combustionchamber to a point above the junction of said walls with the oil-trough and below the lowest air-openings to the combustion-chamber, substantially as described.

9. In aburner, perforated tubes forming a combustion-chamber between them, and having imperforate portions or zones next adjacent to their bottom edges, an oil and vapor trough having its upper portions engaging the bottom edges of said walls and extending downward therefrom, a ring-shaped capillary device of less thickness than the Width of said trough seated in said trough in position to leave a vapor-distributing space between its side and the side of said trough, and said capillary device extending upward with its top above the junction of the trough and tubes and below the lowest air-openings of the combustion-chamber, substantially as described.

Witness my hand to the foregoing specification this 23d day of February, 1898.

WILLIAM R. JEAvoNs.

Witnesses:

H. T. FISHER, R. B. MOSER. 

